Insights
Private Markets Intelligence
Guides on ESOP taxation, cap tables, secondary transactions, and India's private market ecosystem.
Dematerialisation of NRI & Foreign Investor Shares in India 2026: DEMAT, FEMA, PIS Compliance Guide
Foreign investors holding shares in Indian private companies now face mandatory demat account requirements under Rule 9B. Whether you're a venture capitalist, angel investor, NRI, or foreign subsidiary investing in Indian startups, understanding the demat account opening process, FEMA compliance, and PIS requirements is critical to protecting your investment rights. Key Takeaways * Mandatory compliance: All foreign investors in dematerialised Indian companies must open demat accounts by June
What is ESOP Taxation in India: 2026 Guide to Perquisite Tax
How are ESOP Taxed in India? ESOP taxation in India involves two critical tax events: perquisite tax at exercise and capital gains tax at sale. With new 2025 tax rates, strategic timing can save you 40-50% in taxes. Eligible startups offer 5-year tax deferral, while holding periods determine your tax rates - 20% vs 12.5% for short vs long-term gains. Understanding Section 79A benefits, fair market value calculations, and TDS implications is crucial for maximizing your ESOP returns. This guide
How to Exercise ESOPs in Dematerialised Form: Complete Process Guide for Indian Companies
With mandatory share dematerialisation now in effect (deadline extended to June 30, 2025), over 1.7 million Indian private companies must manage ESOPs in electronic form. Rule 9B of the Companies Act has fundamentally changed how companies grant, manage, and transfer employee stock options. This comprehensive guide explains everything HR managers, CFOs, Company Secretaries, and employees need to know about exercising ESOPs in the post-dematerialisation era. What Changes After Dematerialisatio
Factors That Affect Startup Valuation during a Liquidity Event
TL;DR: Startup valuation holds the key to defining moments like fundraising, acquisition, or IPOs. This blog explores crucial factors shaping valuation, from revenue growth and market opportunity to technology strength and team quality. Understand these drivers to make informed decisions, maximize valuation, and set the stage for successful liquidity events. Introduction In a startup's lifecycle, a liquidity event serves as a defining moment that enables stakeholders to realize the value of t