Insights
Private Markets Intelligence
Guides on ESOP taxation, cap tables, secondary transactions, and India's private market ecosystem.
Dematerialisation of NRI & Foreign Investor Shares in India 2026: DEMAT, FEMA, PIS Compliance Guide
Foreign investors holding shares in Indian private companies now face mandatory demat account requirements under Rule 9B. Whether you're a venture capitalist, angel investor, NRI, or foreign subsidiary
What is ESOP Taxation in India: 2026 Guide to Perquisite Tax
How are ESOP Taxed in India? ESOP taxation in India involves two critical tax events: perquisite tax at exercise and capital gains tax at sale. With new 2025 tax rates,
How to Exercise ESOPs in Dematerialised Form: Complete Process Guide for Indian Companies
With mandatory share dematerialisation now in effect (deadline extended to June 30, 2025), over 1.7 million Indian private companies must manage ESOPs in electronic form. Rule 9B of the
Factors That Affect Startup Valuation during a Liquidity Event
TL;DR: Startup valuation holds the key to defining moments like fundraising, acquisition, or IPOs. This blog explores crucial factors shaping valuation, from revenue growth and market opportunity to technology
Dematerialisation of Shares in Private Companies: India Guide 2026 as per Rule 9B
What is Dematerialisation of Shares? Dematerialisation is the process of converting physical share certificates into electronic format, stored securely in a demat account that is managed by depositories such as
What is Restricted Stock: Complete Guide for Employees and Investors
This article provides an in-depth understanding of restricted stock, a common component of employee compensation packages. We delve into what restricted stock is, its vesting period, taxation implications, and its
How to sell your unlisted shares or ESOPs through secondaries?
If you're an entrepreneur or an employee holding Employee Stock Options (ESOPs) or shares in a growing company, and you are considering selling them on the secondary market,
Common Liquidity Events for Startups - Fundraising, Acquisition, or IPO
TL;DR: Startups achieve liquidity through fundraising, acquisition, or IPO. Fundraising gets external funding, acquisitions offer faster exits, and IPOs bring public investments. Choose the event based on growth, vision,
What is Tax on ESOPs in India: How to Calculate your perquisite tax?
Perquisite tax is the tax you pay when you exercise stock options, on the difference between the Fair Market Value (share price) and your exercise price. This tax is calculated